Define "excavation" in the context of highway construction.

In the context of highway construction, "excavation" refers to the process of removing soil or rock to create a desired grade or foundation. This operation is a fundamental part of preparing a site for construction, as it ensures that the ground is adequately prepared to support structures such as roads, bridges, and other infrastructure.

Excavation is critical for establishing proper drainage and stability, which are vital for the long-term safety and functionality of any highway. The work may involve the use of heavy machinery to dig, lift, and transport material, ensuring that the ground levels meet the engineering specifications required for further construction activities. Therefore, the definition in the chosen answer accurately encapsulates the purpose and significance of excavation in the highway construction process.