What is the purpose of a geotechnical investigation?

The purpose of a geotechnical investigation is primarily to assess the properties of soil and rock that are crucial for engineering design. This investigation involves collecting and analyzing data about the ground conditions at a construction site, which includes looking at soil composition, strength, and behavior under load. The findings from a geotechnical investigation inform engineers about the suitability of the ground for proposed structures, helping them make decisions regarding foundation design, slope stability, and overall site feasibility.

This evaluation is essential for ensuring safety and functionality in construction projects since the mechanical properties of the subsurface materials directly impact the design, construction methods, and costs. It allows engineers to anticipate potential challenges, select appropriate construction techniques, and mitigate any risks associated with the site's geological conditions.

While examining environmental impacts or traffic flow may be important in other contexts, and monitoring weather conditions could assist in construction management, these activities do not provide the detailed understanding of soil and rock necessary for engineering purposes, which is the central focus of a geotechnical investigation.